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Green libertarianism
Green libertarianism (also known as eco-libertarianism) is a hybrid political philosophy that has developed in the United States. Based upon a mixture of political third party values, such as the environmental and economic platform from the Green Party of the United States and the civil liberties platform of the U.S. Libertarian Party, the green libertarian philosophy attempts to consolidate progressive or agrarian values with libertarianism. While green libertarians have tended to associate with the U.S. Green Party, the movement has grown to encompass economic liberals who advocate free markets and commonly identify with contemporary American libertarianism.
== History ==
Left-libertarian political philosophy, like that of the greens, is historically rooted in the individualist and social schools of anarchism. Anarcho-communist theorist Peter Kropotkin, a Russian prince and leading opponent of ''laissez-faire'' Social Darwinism, developed a theory of how "mutual aid" is the real basis for social organization in his ''Mutual Aid: A Factor in Evolution''. (See also Proudhonian mutualism) Murray Bookchin and the Institute for Social Ecology sought to further elaborate these ideas. Bookchin was one of the main influences behind the formation of the German Green Party, the first green party to win seats in state and national parliaments.
Some more moderate, green libertarians are both egalitarian and democratic. New England Transcendentalism (especially Henry David Thoreau and Bronson Alcott) and German Romanticism, the Pre-Raphaelites, and other "back to nature" movements combined with anti-war, anti-industrialism, civil liberties, and decentralization movements are all part of this tradition. The modern Green Party of the United States seeks to apply these ideas to a more pragmatic system of democratic governance, as opposed to contemporary right or left anarchism.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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